流体力学泊肃叶定律在吸痰术中的应用

Application of Fluid Mechanics Poiseuille Law on Sputum Suctioning

目的探讨流体力学泊肃叶定律在吸痰术中的应用。方法将收集痰液分成米汤样或白色泡沫样的稀痰与浊黄色凝成痂块的黏痰两种样品,在体外用小儿吸痰器测试6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种管径吸痰管在四种吸引压力(-0.01、-0.02、-0.03、-0.04MPa)下的吸痰效果。结果 6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种管径吸痰管,在吸引压为-0.01MPa时吸引5ml稀痰所需时间分别为38、12、5s;5ml黏痰时所需时间分别为>600、600、357s。随着吸引压力由-0.01、向-0.02、-0.03、-0.04MPa的递增,6Fr、8Fr、10Fr三种吸痰管在15s内吸引黏痰的量分别为0、0、0、0.27ml;0.125、0.25、0.83、0.15ml和0.21、0.83、2.5、3.75ml。结论吸痰必需综合评估吸痰管管径、吸引负压与痰液黏稠度这三者的关系;吸痰术中,低负压与粗吸痰管等效于高负压与细吸痰管;当吸引负压与导管口径不变时,稀释痰液成为降低流阻的最佳选择。

Objective To discuss the application of fluid mechanics Poiseuille law on sputum suctioning. Methods The sputum was divided into two samples of rice-water alike or white foam alike thin phlegm and turbid yellow sticky phlegm.The sputum suction effects under four suctioning pressure （-0.01,-0.02,-0.03,-0.04 MPa）were evaluated by testing three sized of pipe 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr using in vitro children sputum suction apparatus.Results The suctioning time of 5 ml thin phlegm in 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr three sizes of the pipe were 38,12 and 5 s under the suctioning pressure of -0.01 MPa,while the suctioning time for 5 ml sticky phlegm were 〉600,600,357 s.With the increasing of suctioning pressure from -0.01 to -0.02,-0.03,-0.04 MPa,the amount of sputum suction within 15 s of 6 Fr、8 Fr、10 Fr three sizes of the pipe were 0,0,0,0.27 ml;0.125,0.25,0.83,0.15 ml and 0.21,0.83,2.5,3.75 ml. Conclusion The sputum suctioning needs to evaluate the relationship between size of the pipe,suctioning pressure and viscosity of sputum.In sputum suctioning,low pressure and big size pipe were equally effec-tive as high pressure small size pipe,if there was no change in pressure and the size of the pipe,thin phlegm was the best choice for reduce the flow resistance.