液体衰减反转恢复序列血管高信号征的研究进展

Research progress of FLAIR vascular hyperintensity

血管高信号征(FVH)定义为磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)液体衰减反转恢复序列(fluid-attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)上大脑半球沿脑沟或脑表面分布的点状、线状或管状的高强度信号。FVH主要出现于急性脑卒中和颅内动脉狭窄—闭塞性疾病患者中,其与血管严重狭窄或闭塞显著相关。FVH的形成机制可能是狭窄或闭塞血管远端侧支血管内的缓慢、紊乱的血流,而非血管内血栓形成。FVH与急性缺血性脑卒中密切相关,不仅可用于诊断颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞病变,而且可预测患者侧支循环的形成情况,从而对于评估其临床病情严重程度及预后具有重要价值。该文总结了FVH的定义、发生率、常见部位、病理生理机制、临床意义等研究进展。

Vascular hyperintensities have been defined as focal,tubular,or serpentine hyperintensity relative to gray matter in the subarachnoid space or extending into the parenchyma. FVH mainly obtained in the setting of acute stroke and intracranial steno-occlusive disease,and it signicantly associated with severe stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels. The formation mechanism of FVHs may be stenosis or occlusion of slow blood flow within the vascular distal collateral,not intravascular thrombosis. FVH closely associated with acute ischemic stroke. It is important for the diagnosis of intracranial artery stenosis or occlusion,and can be used to assess the collateral circulation and the severity and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients. This review summarizes the FVH etiology,common site,pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical significance of research progress.