论高级运动员免疫机能障碍机制的形成:以冬季2项为例

Mechanisms of formation of Immune system Disorders in Elite Athletes:Case Study of Blathlon

神经内分泌调节紊乱、宏量和微量营养素缺乏、体内代谢改变、慢性感染病灶的中毒(如果有的话)都可因繁重的心身负荷而导致免疫抵抗力降低;然而,这个问题尚未得到充分的研究,细节上仍呈碎片化。例如,细胞因子对负荷的反应仍不清楚,且细胞凋亡的部分过程和免疫系统紊乱形成的其他重要机制也仍不明确;然而对有关这些机制的了解能够促使运动员在大量负荷时期发展出适宜的和更多的生理途径以预防免疫系统紊乱和免疫缺陷。本研究的目的是探查以冬季2项为例的精英运动员免疫系统紊乱的机制。在这项研究中,考虑到专业化和数量是主要的战斗影响因素,作者使用了2种类型的负荷成分。冬季2项精英运动员复杂的免疫状态动态研究揭示了在训练和对抗活动中运动员免疫特性在大环上的变化,而其性质和严重程度取决于训练的时间。

Today we know that disorders of neuroendoerine regulation, macro-and micronutrient deficiencies, metabolic changes in the body, intoxication from the nidus of chronic infection （if there is one） pro voke reduced immunological resistance at strenuous psychophysieal loads. However, this problem has not Been studied fully, and the details are fragmentary. For example, the response of cytokines to the load remains unclear response, as well as a part of apoptosis processes and other important mechanisms of for mation of immune system disorders. At the same time the knowledge of these mechanisms will facilitate the development of appropriate and more physiological ways to prevent immune system disorders and im munodeficiency in alhl~,tes in the periods of strenuous loads. The purpose of the present study was to de teet the mechanisms of immune system disorders in elite athletes on the example of biathlon. In the study we used two types of load components, considering specialization and amount to be primary for a combat ant. The complex dynamic study of the immune status of elite biathletes has revealed changes in the athletes＂ immunological characteristics during training and competitive activities within a macrocycle, and their nature and severity depend on the period of training.