德国青少年体育发展及竞技后备人才培养经验与启示

Experience and Implication of German Youth Sports Development and Youth Athlete Training

以实地考察为主要方法,对德国青少年体育发展理念、管理体制、竞技人才培养、体育学校办学模式进行分析,并借鉴经验,提出启示,以期为我国青少年体育发展与竞技后备人才培养提供参考。结论:德国青少年体育包括群众体育、竞技体育、社会工作3个范畴,其中群众体育与社会工作是德国青少年体育工作的核心内容;青少年体育采用政府与社会管理相结合的管理制度,社会化与学校化培养制度在竞技人才培养中发挥重要作用;竞技体育后备人才培养采取初、中、高3级培养模式。体校办学实施平衡教育模式,有利于运动员的全面发展。建议:在理念上,我国要重视青少年体教育功能与社会功能,充分发挥其在促进人的全面发展与社会稳定等方面的功效。在管理上,要形成以政府为主导,专业化、学校化与社会化相互协调、相互补充的多元化青少年体育管理体制。在培养模式上,要逐渐形成以专业化培养模式为主体、学校化与社会化培养模式为补充的中国特色竞技体育后备人才培养模式。在体校办学模式上,要树立以全面发展为目标的人才培养理念,构建训练与"修炼"相结合的育人模式。

Using main research method of fieldwork, the paper makes an analysis on the youth sports de velopment philosophy,management system, athletes training and sport school management mode in Ger many, so as to learn from its experiences and provide reference for China youth sports development and youth athletes training. Main conclusions：German youth sports including mass sports, competitive sports and social work among which mass sports and social work are the core of the German youth sports. The combination of government and social management system is adopted in youth sports, where socialization and school-based training system play an important role in athletes training. Competitive youth athlete training takes the form of primary, intermediate and advanced training. Balanced education model used in school sports school is conducive to the overall development of athletes. Main suggestions： in concept, China should attach more importance to the educational and social functions of youth sport and give full play to their role in promoting comprehensive development and social stability of youth athlete. In man agement, a government-led and coordinated and complementary youth sports management system with di- versification should be formed between specialty, school and socialization. In the training mode, a sports training mode with Chinese characteristics should gradually be formed where specialized training plays the main role while school and socialized training the complementary role. In sports school system, an inte grated development-oriented talent training philosophy and a training and ＂education＂ combined cultivation mode should be established.