高速铁路背景下旅游经济发展空间与效率特征研究

Study on Tourist Economic Development Space and Efficient Characteristics under High-speed Railway Background

高速铁路对于旅游业最直接的效率体现在创造"时空"效应,由此逐渐形成对旅游发展的旅游者效应和旅游经济效应。旅游流的流向、流量是旅游经济发展总体态势的主要体现,旅游收入的高低是旅游经济发展成效高低的重要结果。通过分析我国22个省市高速铁路开通以来国内旅游人数和国内旅游收入的偏移变化过程与空间特征,以判断高速铁路对区域旅游流的导向性和对区域旅游经济的带动性;通过数据包络分析,研究高速铁路背景下铁路交通要素投入与旅游产出的效率变化特征。研究结果显示,铁路要素对国内旅游者的空间流动有导向作用,高速铁路对国内旅游收入提高有促进作用,但是其实际投入和旅游产出匹配度有待提高,尤其对人均旅游收入的影响有待加强。

The most direct efficiency of tourism by high-speed railways was reflected in creating ＇time-space＇ effect, from this, the tourist effect and toudst economic effect on tourism development were gradually formed. The orientation and volume of tourism flow are the main reflections on general situation of toudst economic development, and the level of tourism income is an important result of effect level of toudst economic development. Through analyzing the shifting change process and space characteristics of tourist number and tourism income since opening of high-speed railways in 22 provinces and cities of China, the guidance quality of regional toudst flow and the impetus of regional tourist economy by high-speed railways were judged. Through data envelopment analysis, the characteristics of efficient changes in input of railway traffic factors and output of tourism under high-speed railway background. The study result shows railway factors have guidance role on space flow of Chinese tourist, and high-speed railways have promotion role on increasing Chinese tourism income, but the matching degree between actual input and tourism output needs increasing, especially its influence on toudsm income per capita needs increasing.