我国粮食作物氮肥利用率及其影响因素分析

Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization Ratio and Its Impact Factors in Food Crops in China

为了探索我国粮食产量持续增加下氮肥利用率是否较20世纪80年代增加的问题,应用现有研究资料,对影响粮食作物氮肥利用率的主要因素进行了分析。结果表明,施氮量是影响农作物氮肥利用率的主要因素;1996—2011年较1990—1995年,我国粮食作物阶段氮肥平均施用量增加44.9 kg/hm2,单位面积产量平均增加1 073.3 kg/hm2,在作物种植密度普遍提高的情况下,阶段氮肥利用率平均达到62.5%,较20世纪80年代提高27.5%。因此认为,我国目前粮食作物氮肥利用率较20世纪80年代未增加的说法并不符合生产实际。

To probe if the nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio has increased compared to 1980＇s this paper analyzed the main factors concernned with this ratio. The result suggests the application rate was the main factor affecting the utilization rate. China＇s current average nitrogen fertilizer application rate in the grain crop has increased up to 44.9 kg/hm^2 compared to 1990-1995, the unit area grain crop output increased 1 073.3 kg/hm^2 on average and the average nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio came to 62.5%. Present research outcome does not conform to China＇s production reality and the saying of higher nitrogen utilization than in 1980＇s was wrong.