明清以来藏传佛教在丽江的传播及其新特征——以人类学理论为视角

The Spread of Tibetan Buddhism in Lijiang and Its New Features since Ming & Qing Dynasty:An Anthropological Perspective

纳西族与藏族地缘的接近,民族的同源,双方的互往使彼此间的文化不断交融。尤其是明清以来,在宗教认同、宗教冲突、族群冲突背景下,木氏土司与藏传佛教噶举派的共同利益诉求使得彼此间互往频繁,并带动云南丽江地区藏传佛教大发展,出现信徒众、寺院多、佛经精的特征。然而,由于该地区特殊的土司制度以及不同于藏区的民风、民俗,藏传佛教传至丽江后在生活习俗、服饰、饮食起居、礼仪典章制度、建筑佛画、造型艺术、寺院关系等方面都出现了不同于藏区藏传佛教的特殊性,且具有明显的宗教去政治化倾向,属于明显的"政教分离"。

Naxi nationality and Tibetan always communicate with each other because of the close geopolitical conditions , homology in nationality .Since Ming and Qing dynasty , the contact is frequent between Chieftain Mu and the Kagyu Buddhism on account of common interests of religious identity , religious conflict and ethnic conflict .This kind of circumstance promote the development of Tibetan Buddhism .Buddhists and temples are a lot in Lijiang prefecture in that period .But Tibetan Buddhism of Lijiang differs from that of Tibetan Regions in living habits , clothing, daily life, institutions, painting art, plastic arts, and the monastery relationship , etc.Tibetan Buddhism of Lijiang belongs to the separation of religion from politics.