类属关系偏正式双音词的特点及成因——以《齐民要术》为例

On Features and Causes of the Double-syllabled Words in the Modifier-Head Form Indicating Genus and Category——Taking Qi Min Yao Shu as Example

二语素为类属关系的双音词是偏正式双音词中的一种特殊类型。这类双音词和一般偏正式双音词不同,表意上存在羡余成分,语义上多为前正后偏式,形式上绝大多数是"属+类"式,词性上都是"名+名→名"式。《齐民要术》中这类以动植物为主的双音词,上古一般都以单音专名相称,后来逐渐构成类属关系的双音词。其主要原因是专名单称不能清晰、明确、准确地传递信息,同时有的专名词义后来逐渐扩大,产生了许多不同的意义,另外魏晋南北朝汉语词汇双音词化也起到了催生的作用。

The double-syllabled words indicating genus and category are a special type of double-syllabled words of the modifierhead form. They are different from the general type, in that they are redundant in meaning; always take the form of head ＋ modifier indicating genus and category respectively ; are mostly noun ＋ noun nouns in part of speech. There are many double-syllabled words of this type about animals and plants in Qi Min Yao Shu . They gradually evolved from proper nouns of monosyllabic words in the ancient Chinese language. The major causes of this grammatical phenomenon are ： the proper nouns of monosyllabic words can not convey clear, definitive, and accurate information; the broadening of the word meaning occurs in some proper nouns ; Disyllabic Evolution of the Chinese language in the Wei-Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties exerted some effects.