南昌市东湖区社区居民高血压患病现状及危险因素分析

Hypertension Status and Risk Factors among Community Residents in Donghu District of Nanchang

目的：了解南昌市东湖区社区居民高血压的患病状况及危险因素，为探索东湖区社区高血压群体干预提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，并采用单纯随机抽样法，抽取了东湖区社区居民7437人。采用自制的社区居民高血压知识调查表对7437名东湖区社区居民进行问卷调查，测量血压、身高和体质量，并进行单因素χ2检验分析，高血压患病的危险因素分析采用多因素非条件 Logistic回归分析。结果7437名东湖区社区居民中，高血压患者1226例，高血压患病率为16．49％。年龄50～59、60～69、70～79和80～90岁者的高血压患病率均明显高于年龄18～49岁者（P＜0．05），年龄60～69、70～79和80～90岁者的高血压患病率均明显高于年龄50～59岁者（均P＜0．05）。单因素分析结果显示，影响东湖区社区居民高血压患病的因素有：超重肥胖（OR＝2．209）、有高血压家族史（OR＝2．559）、吸烟（OR＝1．190）、饮酒（OR＝1．377）、紧张（OR＝2．009）、三餐规律差（OR＝2．661）和口味偏咸（OR＝1．185）。多因素非条件 Logistic 回归分析结果显示，有高血压家族史（OR＝1．562）、紧张（OR＝1．821）、三餐规律差（OR＝0．060）和超重肥胖（OR＝1．881）为东湖区社区居民高血压患病的危险因素。结论东湖区社区居民的高血压患病率较高。应将具有上述危险因素的人群列为重点防控对象，提倡戒烟限酒，消除紧张，三餐规律饮食，低盐饮食，强调体育锻炼控制体质量，以减少高血压的危害。

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among community residents in Donghu District of Nanchang City,and to provide a basis for the explora-tion of community hypertension intervention.Methods A total of 7 437 community residents were selected using stratified cluster sampling and simple random sampling methods,and were surveyed by self-designed hypertensive knowledge questionnaire.Blood pressure,height and weight were measured in these residents.Univariate analysis was performed byχ2 test.Uncondi-tional multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for hyper-tension.Results The prevalence of hypertension was 16.49%（1 226 hypertensive patients）a-mong the 7 437 community residents.The prevalence of hypertension among patients aged 50-59,60-69,70-79 or 80-90 was significantly higher than that among patients aged 18-49（P＆lt;0.05）. The prevalence of hypertension among patients aged 60-69,70-79 or 80-90 was significantly higher than that aged 50-59（P＆lt;0.05）.Univariate analysis indicated that the factors affecting hyperten-sion among community residents in Donghu District included overweight and obesity （OR=2.209）,family history of hypertension（OR=2.559）,smoking（OR=1.190）,drinking（OR=1.377）,tension（OR=2.009）,irregular meals（OR=2.661）,and high-salt diet（OR=1.185）.Un-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for hypertension were family history of hypertension（OR=1.562）,tension（OR=1.821）,irregular meals（OR=0.060）,and overweight and obesity（OR=1.881）.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is higher among community residents in Donghu District.The emphasis should be focused on the prevention and control of risk factors for hypertension in community residents.Smoking cessa-tion,alcohol restriction,relieving tension,regular meals,salt restriction and physical exercise for weight control should be advocated to reduce the harm of hypertension.