急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块特征及相关危险因素分析

Study on the characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis and the related risk factors of patients with acute cerebral infarction

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化的特征及相关危险因素。方法选取急性脑梗死患者128例为研究对象,以同期住院的非脑梗死患者为对照组,采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探查患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质和部位并分析其相应的危险因素。结果颈部动脉彩超检查共检出97例颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);且总斑块个数以及扁平斑、软斑、硬斑和混合斑的个数均大于对照组(P<0.05)。斑块中以硬斑最为常见,其次为软斑、混合斑和扁平斑,主要位置分别在颈动脉膨大处、颈总动脉和颈内动脉。单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,高血压和年龄是诱发急性脑梗死的高危因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块是诱发急性脑梗死的主要可能病因,高血压和年龄是形成颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的高危因素。

Objective To explore the characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis and the related risk factors of patients with acute cerebral infarction .Methods 128 patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected as the research objects ,and hospi-talized patients with non-cerebral infarction at the same period served as the control group .Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to detect carotid atherosclerotic plaque and its nature and location ,the corresponding risk factors were observed and detec-ted .Results Carotid artery ultrasonography detected 97 cases afflicted with carotid atherosclerotic plaques ,which was signifi-cantly higher than that of the control group （P〈0 .05）;The total number of plaques and the number of flat spots ,soft spots , hard spots and mixed plaques were also more than those of the control group （P〈0 .05）;Among them ,the hard plaque was the most common ,followed by soft plaque ,mixed plaque and flat spots ;Each kind of plaque was mainly located at the carotid ar-tery enlargement ,in the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery ;Univariate and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that age and hypertension were the main risk factors which induced acute cerebral infarction .Conclu-sion Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of acute cerebral infarction ,high blood pressure and age are risk factors for the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque .