基于科学知识社会学的自然主义认识论转向

Turn of Naturalized Epistemology on Sociology of Scientific Knowledge

自然主义认识论从个体到社会再到实践维度的转向与科学知识社会学的发展紧密联系在一起。科学社会学在传统逻辑经验主义认识论的影响下产生、发展直至解构;科学知识社会学借助自然主义与相对主义认识论对科学社会学提出挑战,并促使自然主义认识论由个体认识维度转向社会认识维度,但在科学规范问题上存在无法克服的缺陷;重视实践转向,是推动后科学知识社会学及自然主义认识论发展的重要策略。

The turn of naturalized epistemology from individual to society and to practical dimension closelylinks with the development of sociology of scientific knowledge. The emergence, development anddeconstruction of sociology of science are all under the influence of the traditional logical empiricismepistemology. With the help of naturalism and relativism epistemology, sociology of scientific knowledgechallenges sociology of science, which causes naturalistic epistemology form individual cognition dimension tosocial cognition dimension. But on the question of norms of science, there are some defects that can＇ t beovercome. Attaching great importance to practice is a very important strategy that promotes the development ofsociology of scientific knowledge and naturalistic epistemology.