重庆话叠音词的形态、语音和语义

The Morphological,Phonetic and Semantic Features of Reduplication in Chongqing Dialect

本文尝试在已有成果的基础上,进一步研究重庆话叠音词的形态、语音和语义。按照词性的不同,重庆话叠音词可以分为名词性、动词性、形容词性和副词性等四类,每类下面又可以按照构成的不同有选择性地分为AA式、ABB式、AAB式和AABB式等四种形式。叠音名词和动词要读成前重后轻,叠音形容词和副词要读成前轻后重,且重音都与长音对应。叠音词连读后一般发生变调,尤以第四声连读变调最为明显,第二声连读后可以变调也可以不变调,具体因口音不同,第一声连读变调和第三声连读变调最不明显。构词韵律主要有双音步、[1#2]、[2#1]和[2#2]等四种。各类重叠式大都不发生声母类化。叠音词在取义上有一定的约定俗成性,同义、多义现象普遍,语义色彩上大多数偏向中性或贬义。研究旨在更好地勾勒出重庆话的某些个性及与汉语普通话、其他方言的共性和差异。

Based on literature review, it attempts to further analyze the morphological, phonetic and semantic features of reduplication in Chongqing dialect. The reduplication in Chongqing dialect can be classified into nominal, verbal, adjectival and adverbial in terms of part of speech and subcategorized into four patterns, that is, AA, ABB, AAB and AABB. The first syllable usually takes the primary stress in nominal and verbal reduplication whereas the last syllable takes the primary stress in adjectival and adverbial reduplication. In addition, the stressed syllable is usually the longer syllable. Tone sandhi is popular in reduplication in Chongqing dialect, in particular in the 4th tone reduplication. The 2nd tone sandhi may or may not take place, depending on the accents while the 1st and the 3rd tone sandhi is the least prominent. Its prosody takes the form of double foot, [1#2], [2#1] and [2#2]. Most reduplications generally cause no initial assimilation. In terms of semantic features, reduplication in Chongqing dialect is assigned conventional meaning with rich synonymy and polysemy. In addition, such reduplication is mostly neutral or derogatory if shade of meaning is concerned. The study aims to better characterize the individualities of Chongqing dialect, and its commonalities and differences with Mandarin Chinese （putonghua） and other dialects.