克拉玛依市不同民族中小学生近视眼危险因素分析

Analysis of the risk factors of myopia among different nationalities students in Karamay city

目的：探讨克拉玛依市不同民族中小学生近视眼危险因素。 方法：采用横断面调查设计,对克拉玛依市中小学民汉学校进行分层整群随机抽样,抽取在册小学一、三、六年级及初中三年级学生。现场调查人员由眼科医师、眼科检查技师、验光师和联络人员组成,正式调查前对工作人员进行培训、预调查。根据研究需求自行设计调查问卷,并按照自愿同意的原则对研究对象进行系统眼部检查,使用统一仪器测量眼压、角膜曲率、屈光度、眼轴、角膜厚度等研究指标。采用Epi-data软件建立数据库,所有数据双录入,全部统计工作均由SPSS 17.0完成。 结果：本次调查研究实际调查1922人,受检率是91.4%,近视眼患病率为39.2%。多因素Logistic回归分析示：民族、年龄、性别、父母近视情况、每日课余读写时间和不良读写习惯与近视眼患病密切相关（ OR=0.149,95% CI：0.103~0.216,P=0.000；OR=1.372,95% CI：1.296~1.453,P=0.000；OR=1.517,95% CI：1.200~1.918,P=0.000；OR=0.695,95% CI：0.602~0.804,P=0.000；OR=1.310,95% CI：1.086~1.581,P=0.005； OR=0.655,95% CI：0.486~0.882,P=0.005）。 结论：民族、年龄、性别、父母近视情况、每日课余读写时间和不良读写习惯是近视眼患病的独立危险因素。

AIM ：To investigate the myopia risk factors of different nationalities students in primary and secondary schools in Karamay City. METHODS： This survey was a cross-sectional design, the sample was selected in the first, third and sixth grade primary school and middle school students by stratified random cluster method. The survey team comprised of ophthalmologists, technicians, optometrists and administrative staff. The staff was trained about the design, method and quality control, etc. According to the research needs, questionnaires were designed. In person interview, pilot study, questionnaire, intraocular pressure, corneal curvature, refraction, axial length, corneal thickness, slit lamp microscopy and fundus examination were performed. A database was established using the Epi-data software by double entry method. All statistical analysis was completed by SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS： The survey covers 1922 students in total, which account for 91. 4% students of the whole four grades. The total prevalence of myopia was 39. 2%.Multivariate analyses revealed that ethnic origin, age, gender, parents of short-sightedness, daily after-school reading and writing time and bad reading and writing habits were closely related to myopia （ OR= 0. 149, 95% CI： 0.103-0. 216, P= 0. 000; OR= 1. 372, 95% CI： 1. 296- 1.453, P=0.000; OR=1.517, 95% CI. 1.200-1.918, P= 0.000; OR=0.695, 95%C/： 0.602-0.804, P=0.000; OR= 1. 310, 95%C1：1.086-1.581, P=0.005; OR=0.655, 95%C1： 0.486-0.882, P= 0.005）. CONCLUSION： Ethnic origin, age, gender, parents of short - sightedness, daily after - school reading and writing time and reading and writing habits were independent risk factors for myopia.