职场性骚扰与离职意向、权力距离感

Relationship of workplace sexual harassment to turnover intention and power distance

目的：考察员工职场性骚扰现况及其与离职意向、权力距离感的关系.方法：选取不同职业类型的员工650名,回收有效问卷554份,其中,男278人,女276人;年龄21 ～ 55岁;工作年限1～19年.采用职场性骚扰问卷（SEQ,包括口头骚扰,行为骚扰和性要挟3个维度）,离职意向问卷（TIQ）和权力距离感问卷（PDQ）进行测查.结果：男性SEQ的3个维度得分均高于女性（均P＜0.001）;已婚者性要挟维度得分高于未婚者（P＜0.001）;本科及以上者SEQ的3个维度得分均高于大专及以下者（均P＜0.05）;不同年龄、工作年限、职业类型员工的SEQ评分差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.SEQ的口头骚扰、行为骚扰和性要挟维度得分与TIQ和PDQ得分呈正相关（r=0.26 ～0.38,均P＜0.01）.多重线性逐步回归显示,口头骚扰、行为骚扰和权力距离感对离职意向有正向关联（标准化β=0.22、0.16、0.16,均P＜0.01）.结论：不同性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、年龄、工作年限和职业类型员工的职场性骚扰的状况不同;职场性骚扰和权力距离感是预测个体离职意向的重要因素.

Objective：To explore the current situation of workplace sexual harassment and its relationship with turnover intention and power distance.Methods：Totally 650 employees from different occupations were investigated and 554 of them returned the valid questionnaires,including 278 males and 276 females,176 unmarried ones and 376 married ones,aged 21-55 years with 1-19 years of working experience.They were assessed with the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire （SEQ,comprising oral harassment,behavioral harassment and sexual coercion dimensions）,Turnover Intention Questionnaire （TIQ） and Power Distance Questionnaire （PDQ）.Results：The scores of oral harassment,behavioral harassment and sexual coercion dimensions were higher in males than female （Ps ＜0.001）.The scores of sexual coercion dimension were higher in married individuals than unmarried （P ＜ 0.001）.The 3 dimensions scores of SEQ were higher in undergraduates or above than in junior college students or below （Ps ＜0.05）.There were significant differences in the SEQ scores among those with different age,working years and occupation （Ps ＜ 0.05）.The 3 dimensions scores of SEQ were positively correlated with the scores of TIQ and PDQ （r =0.26-0.38,Ps ＜ 0.01）.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the scores of oral harassment,behavioral harassment and power distance were positively associated with the scores of turnover intention （β =0.22,0.16,0.16,Ps ＜ 0.01）.Conclusion：There are some differences in workplace sexual harassment among those with different gender,marriage status,education level,age,working years and occupation types.Workplace sexual harassment and power distance may be two predictive variables for turnover intention.