论卢卡奇的历史唯物主义学说

On Lukacs' s Theory of Historical Materialism

卢卡奇是在匈牙利无产阶级专政期间提出其历史唯物主义学说。其学说是对庸俗马克思主义经济决定论的直接反抗。他强调,历史唯物主义是资本主义社会的自我认识,是一种革命性和批判性学说,我们在资本主义向社会主义过渡时要用唯物辩证法来发展和完善历史唯物主义。其历史唯物主义学说适应时代的发展,开创西方马克思主义的人本主义哲学思潮,但其对马克思历史唯物主义的窄化,以及对历史唯物主义和辩证法的区分,揭示出其理论缺陷。

Lukacs put forward his own theory of historical materialism in the period of proletarian dictatorship in Hungary. This theory is directly opposed to the economic determinism of vulgar Marxism. He emphasizes that historical materialism is the self-knowledge of capitalist society and a kind of revolutionary critical theory, and that historical materialism should be developed and perfected by materialistic dialectics during the transition from capitalism to socialism. His theory of historical materialism adapts to his times and creates a trend of thought of humanistic philosophy for west Marxism. However, his theory shows its defect because of his narrowing of historical materialism and his division between historical materialism and dialectics.