劳动争议当事人虚假举证原因分析——以劳动合同虚假举证为例

Analysis on False Proof of the Parties Involved in Labour Disputes:A Case Study on False Proof in Labour Contract

劳动争议中,劳动合同虚假举证主要包括用人单位和劳动者隐匿或伪造劳动合同。对于当事人的这些主观恶意行为,将其原因仅仅归结于诚信缺失或道德危机是不够的,其更深层次的原因在于现有制度下这些行为的"低成本、低风险和高收益",屡屡诱使当事人去尝试虚假举证以期获得超越真实情形的更大利益。《劳动合同法》将对用人单位不签劳动合同的处罚收益直接让渡给劳动者,直接推动了当事人为逐利而造假。劳动争议的仲裁前置程序,给当事人额外提供了检验证据效果的机会。因此,应当在仲裁中引入举证时限制度,消除仲裁和诉讼举证规则的细微差别;同时,疏解劳动合同的功能,落实用工登记,避免劳动合同成为证明劳动关系存在的唯一形式,也是解决这一问题的适宜途径。

False proof regarding the labour contract mainly includes the labour contract hidden or counterfeited by the employee or the company. In terms of the party＇ s subjectively endangering behaviours, it is insufficient to attribute to the lack of integrity or moral crisis. The profound causes lies in ＂low cost, low risk and high profits＂ of this sort of action in the current institutional context. The relevant parties constantly attempted to prove false evidences for more profits than what they could acquire in reality. The Labour Contract Law directly demises the interest derived of punishment on employers＇ refusing signing labour contracts to the employee, which induces the parties to make false proof. The prepositive procedure of labour dispute arbitration serves to provide an extra opportunity for the parties involved to examine the effectiveness of the evidence. Therefore, it is of necessity to include limitation on the time in proofing, so that eliminating the nuance between the arbitration and litigation. Meanwhile., another appropriate method is to coordinate the function of the labour contract, implementing employment registration to prevent the labour contract as the only way to recognize the employment relations.