长江三水府信仰源流考

Research on the Origin and Change of Yangtze Sanshuifu Belief

马当上水府、采石中水府、金山下水府统称为长江三水府,是长江下游地区的地方性江神信仰,五代至宋盛极一时。历史上长江三水府的"水府"得名源于道教,五代时政治、军事形势的变化促进了这一信仰的形成。宋代长江三水府神因在战争中屡次显灵获得国家加封赐号,成为保国护境的水上神灵。此后长江三水府神职范围不断扩大,在庇佑国家社稷与水上交通之外增加了司雨职能。明清以后长江三水府信仰走向衰落。

The Yangtze Sanshuifu includes the three of Shuifu of Madang,Caishi and Jinshan,which is a regional religion in the lower reaches of Yangtze River,flourished from the Five Dynasty to Song Dynasty.“Shuifu”gained its name from Taoism,and the Yangtze Sanshuifu generated a belief as a result of political and military situation changes in the Five Dynasty. Yangtze Sanshuifu was granted the national title as it showed its power in the war and became the god of water who could protect the country in Song Dynasty.Then its function extended gradually.It also regarded as the Rain God in addition to its function in protecting and blessing the country or the water transport.This traditional folk belief began to decline since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.