论洋务运动时期八旗兵的整顿

On the Rectification of the Eight Banners Soldiers during the Westernization Movement

洋务运动时期八旗兵的整顿是在内忧外患的背景下进行的,是晚清经制兵近代化的开始,北京神机营等新军种的组建是中国军队从旧式陆军到新军转型的一个典型代表。部分驻防旗兵的整顿与东北旗兵的练兵活动,其主要内容包括洋枪队的建立,新式枪炮的使用和部分西式操练的学习等,这些军事改造是中国近代军事近代化的重要内容。这时期清政府对于八旗兵的整顿,虽然存在这样那样的问题,但是它具有重大的历史意义,西方新式武器的引进和采用,说明清初所确定且始终坚持的"国语骑射"不可更改的政策是错误的,因为坚持军事制度改革和军事武器的不断更新换代是历史发展的长期趋势,是中国走向强国梦想的必经之路。

The rectification of the Eight Banners soldiers was carried out in the background of the domestic trouble and foreign invasion,which was the beginning of the system of soldiers’modernization in late Qing Dynasty.Beijing God machine operators and the establishment of other new formations were typical representative of the Chinese army from the old-style army to the new army.Rectification of the garrison Banners soldiers in some provinces and the Northeast stationed Banners soldiers’training included the establishment of rifles,the use of new guns,the studies of part western-style drills,etc.These military activities were important contents and significant parts during the modern Chinese military modernization.Although there were various problems in the rectification,but its significance could not be ignored.The introduction and using of new weapons from the West,proved the policy that adhering to the “national language and ride”at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty was false.Because the military reformation and the continuous upgrading of new weapons has been the long-term trend of the historical development and also the only way for China to achieve powerful dream.