近代苏南族田的规模增减与功能变动

On the Scope's Alteration and Function's Change of the Clan Field in the Modern South of Jiangsu

在近代苏南,随着族田规模的增加,其功能从祭祀开始向赡族、助学等逐步展开,直至发展一些社会公益事业;当族田规模减小时,从社会公益事业渐次向祭祀缩减。祭祀是族田的基本功能。族田的主要功能也随着规模的增加发生变化,先以祭祀为主逐渐转向以赡族为主;随着规模的减小,赡族的主要功能地位又让位于祭祀。不同宗族族田的功能增减、主次功能转变应达到的族田规模可能有别,但是变化的趋势是确定的。族田功能随着规模增减所发生的有规律变动,是苏南人尊祖敬宗观念的外在表现。

The clan field’s function gradually expanded from offering sacrifice to supporting clansmen,aiding education and developing social welfare with its scope’s increasing in the modern south of Jiangsu.On the contrary,the function declined from developing social welfare to offering sacrifice.The clan field’s basic function was sacrifice.The clan field’s main function changed gradually from offering sacrifice to supporting clansmen with its scope’s increasing.Conversely,supporting clansmen was replaced with offering sacrifice.Although the change of the different clan field’s function and the transformation between the main function and the secondary one needed the different scale of the clan field,the trend was identified.The regular change that the clan field’s function changed with the increasing and decreasing of its scope was the outward performance of the people’s ancestor worship in the south of Jiangsu.