环境中生物膜的菌群结构与污染物降解特性

Community structure and contaminant degradation function of biofilm in environmental engineering systems

生物膜是细菌最常见的生长方式。结构有序、功能分化的生物膜群落为内部细菌提供在不利环境中生存的庇护,其环境功效也日益受到关注。本文综述了多种环境中微生物与不同材料表面相互作用、进而发展为生物膜的机制;介绍了环境工程领域中生物膜的先锋菌种和菌群结构动态变化;介绍了生物膜在污染环境中的抗逆与降解特性。

Biofilm is the predominant form of life for bacteria in environments. The highly structured, matrix-enclosed, and functionally coordinated community protects bacterial cells from inhospitabte environment. Biofilm-mediated pollution control has become an attractive approach in envi- ronmental engineering. In this review, the mechanisms through which bacteria interact with material surfaces and develop into biofilms in various environments are summarized; focuses are on the roles of pioneer bacteria in biofilm development, the dynamic changes in bacterial community composition, and the resistance to stresses as well as pollutant degradation characteristics of biofilms in un- favorable environments.