节律与形态因素对谓词性成分作主、宾语功能的制约

The Constraints of Metric and Construction on Predicate Component's Functions as Subject and Object

谓词性成分的音节数量和结构方式等节律形态制约着它们充当主、宾语的功能。就音节数量而言,单音节谓词的光杆形式用作主语时受到的限制较多,但可以相对自由地用作宾语;双音节动词与形容词在词汇化过程中都实现了功能的增值,它们一般可以单独用作主、宾语。同时,谓词的复杂形式,随着其语义内涵的增加,指称性也相应增强,用作宾语的频率和自由度更高。就结构方式来说,谓词性主语和谓词性宾语在结构类型上也存在着不对称性,谓词性主语中定中结构占绝对优势,谓词性宾语中动宾结构所占比例最大。统计结果表明谓词性主语的指称性强于谓词性宾语,在句法上指称性愈强的结构愈容易出现在主语位置上。

The metric and form such as syllable's magnitude and construction of predicate component restrict their functions as subject and object.In terms of syllable's magnitude,the bare form of monosyllabic predicate has more restrictions,but it can be relatively freely used as the object.Double syllable verbs and adjectives have all realized the function of the value in the process of lexicalization.They can be used alone as subject and object.At the same time,the complex forms of predicate with the increase of its semantic meanings,its referential also enhanced accordingly,and it has higher frequency and freedom.In terms of construction,there is asymmetry on the structure type between predicate subject and predicate object,the proportion of modifier-head construction in the predicate subject is the largest,and verb-object construction in the predicate object has the largest proportion.Statistical results show that the referential of the predicate subject is stronger than the predicate object,and the stronger referential on syntactic structure is more likely to appear in the subject.