论现代多民族国家建构中民族身份的形成

A Study on the Establishment of the Ethnic Status in the Construction of the Modern Multi-Ethnic Nation

民族身份是在多民族国家建构的过程中,民族纳入国家政治组织和制度时所取得的政治地位。现代国家政治转型中民族身份的确立是形成民族概念的重要基础。一般来说,民族概念应与民族身份一致,而民族概念和民族身份应与民族的历史渊源、作为国家建构之基础的宪法,以及民族和族群政治一脉相承,这种一致性有益于国家认同与民族认同的相互和谐,从而保证多民族国家建构进程的顺利进行。文章运用政治学"历史分析"的视角,对于中国、美国、西班牙、加拿大等几个国家民族身份的形成过程进行比较分析,并进一步阐述了这一观点。

The ethnic status means a political status obtained by the ethnicity who enter the political organization and system in the process of the construction of the modern multi-ethnic nation.The establishment of the ethnic status in the political transformation in the modern nation is the important foundation for the formation of the concept of ethnicity.Generally,the concept of ethnicity should be consistent with the ethnic status;at the same time,the concept of ethnicity and the ethnic status should conform to the history of the ethnicity,the constitution standing for the base of the nation,as well as ethnic politics.This is beneficial for the harmony between national identity and ethnic identity,furthermore,to promoting the construction of the nation.The paper gives a comparative and historical analysis and discussion for the establishment of the ethnic status in China,America,Spain,and Canada in the view of politics.