体性民族志:基于中国传统文化语法的探索

Ethnography of Self-Substance:A Research Based on the Chinese Cultural Grammar

人类学对民族志范式的求索始于学科诞生之日。民族志范式,如哲学之认识论、本体论和方法论,本为一体,难以泾渭。人类学降于西方,西方范式引领在先。以学科史上几个阶段的讨论观之,"科学/艺术"、"客观/主观"、"实证/阐释"、"客位/主位"等二元对峙的阴影一路伴随;今日"身体一介体"似有超越,值得深究。中国文化自成一体,"天地人"三才、三维、三位的形制为文化体性的根本。中国民族志"本土化"讨论已有时日,仍步"西方范式"后尘,只在"表象"上求解,未达"脉理"之本。本文从中国本位体察,以"王"、"参"、"品"为关键词,以体性之于民族志关系进行讨论。

The exploration of the paradigm of ethnography was started from the beginning of anthropology itself.The paradigm of ethnography was an inseparable whole,which was similar to the phenomenon in philosophy that epistemology,ontology and methodology are integrated.Anthropology was originated from the western world,so western paradigm of ethnography was leading the exploration for centuries,accompanying with the dualism of science and art,objective and subjective,experimental and interpreting,etic and emic,etc.The study of body-medium seemed to go beyond this restriction.Chinese culture is a self-contained integrity,with the root of three dimensions.The localization of ethnography in China has a long history,yet still follows the footsteps of western paradigm.This paper is about an attempt of establishing China' s self-substantial ethnographical methodology from the study of three key words of Wang,Can,Pin.