西方行政习惯的起源及启示探微

The Origin of Western Administrative Practices and the Revelation of Them

古希腊创造了西方最早的国家即城邦,是西方行政习惯研究的源头。希腊城邦在公民文化、正义的价值观、逻辑思维与契约社会的基础上,形成了公民自治、约束权力、行政活动宗教仪式化的行政习惯。希腊城邦行政习惯对西方现代行政习惯的形成影响深远,其启示在于传统行政习惯走向现代行政习惯是必然趋势,而文化和制度则是现代行政习惯养成的进路。

Ancient Greece created the earliest states or city-states in the West and thus started Western administrative practices. Built upon civic culture, sense of justice, logical thinking and the nature of contractual society, the administrative practices performed by the ancient Greek city-states were characteristic of citizens＇ autonomy, restrained power, and ritualized administrative activities. All these have greatly influenced the formation of modern administrative practices in the West. It is revealed that the evolution of administrative practices mainly relies on culture and system.