试析尼采“酒神精神”的伦理学意蕴

Ethical Implication of Nietzsche's “Dionysian Spirit”

尼采是西方哲学的重要代表人物之一,他的思想一直到今天还在饱受争议。"酒神精神"作为尼采哲学的核心思想,蕴含了深厚的伦理涵义。"酒神精神"从开始到最后一直跟随着尼采的步伐。权力意志、超人、主人道德等都不过是酒神精神的变身和另一个称号。尼采通过酒神精神宣扬了人的权利意志或强力意志,为本来没有意义的人生赋予了意义。同时,尼采的超人也是借助于酒神精神出场的,是人类发展的最高目标与理想人格。所谓的超人或者主人其实就是最具酒神精神的人。更重要的是,酒神精神是尼采颠覆传统道德标准和价值观念的工具。尼采正是通过酒神精神、权力意志、超人、主人道德等对苏格拉底以来的理性主义传统与人类社会以来一切道德传统(尤其是基督教道德传统)进行了批判,提出了自己的价值观——超越善恶之外,并把人的生命与酒神精神而不是道德作为人的行为评价参照。

Nietzsehe is an important representative of Western philosophy, whose ideas are still highly controversial to this day. ＂Dionysian spirit ＂ as the core of Nietzsche＇s philosophical thoughts, contains a deep ethical implications. ＂Dionysian spirit ＂ is along with the thought of Nietzsche from the outset. Will to power, Superman, the owner of moral and so on, are the transfigurations and other titles of the Dionysian spirit. Nietzsche publicizes the will to the human rights or the will to power, through Dionysian spirit and gives life meaning. At the same time, Nietzscbe＇s Superman appearances by means of Dionysian spirit, who is the highest goal of human development and the ideal personality. Superman or the so-called master is actually the person who owns the most Dionysian spirit. More importantly, Nietzsche＇s Dionysian spirit is the tool to subvert the traditional moral standards and values. It is through the Dionysian spirit , will to power, Superman, the master that Nietzsche Criticizes of the rationalist tradition since Socratic ethics and the all moral tradition before （especially the Christian moral tradition） then puts forward his own values- Beyond Good and Evil, ands seems the Dionysian spirit and human life not human moral behavior as a reference.