海峡两岸暨香港导游管理体制比较与启示

Comparison and Revelation of Tour Guide Management System in China's Mainland,Taiwan and Hong Kong

导游管理体制规定着导游资源配置的基本原则和方式方法。文章采用比较研究方法,依据大陆与香港、台湾现行导游管理法规条文,对海峡两岸暨香港导游管理体制模式进行了系统对比和分析。研究发现,海峡两岸暨香港导游管理因所处社会发展阶段、所依托旅游业发展模式不同,形成各具特色的发展路径和模式。其中,香港特区政府将导游职业管理权限赋予完全市场组织,政府只在立法与执法层面发挥作用;我国台湾地区主管部门导游管制强调采用市场方式,同时特别注重各主管部门间的分工协作,形成"协同治理"的管理模式。由此提出建议,大陆导游管理体制改革要强化市场机制主体地位,淡化行政管制措施,以及大力培育导游协会等中介组织,促进导游走职业化发展道路。

Tour guides have always been described as ＂soul of tourism＂ and ＂the most representative professionals of tourism industry＂. Tour guide management system determines the basic principles and patterns of tour guide resource allocation. Through comparing the current major laws, regulations and policies on tour guide management in Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Taiwan, this paper conducted a systematic comparison and analysis of tour guide management mode in these districts. The areas of comparison include management subject and object of tour guide, tour guide entry requirements, professional ability development, practice supervision, as well as professional exit mechanism, aiming to build up a comparative analysis framework of tour guide management system. The study revealed that, owing to discrepancy in social development stage and tourism development mode, tour guide management has formed completely distinctive development paths and modes in these districts. To be specific, Hong Kong SAR Government granted tour guide administration privileges to complete market organization, consequently, the government only played a role in the aspect of legislation and law enforcement. On the other hand, the competent department in Taiwan district emphasized implementing tour guide management by means of the market mechanism. Meanwhile, they have paid special attention to collaboration among different government departments. As a result, the government has basically reached a state of neither ＂absent＂, nor ＂offside＂ with respect to tour guide management, forming a management mode of ＂collaborative governance＂. Along with the Chinese mainland supervisor mode that we are familiar with, we divided the current tour guide management system in these districts into three categories according to government role and mode of action. Specifically, the Chinese mainland is an administrative control mode, Hong Kong is a market mechanism dominated mode, whereas Taiwan is a collaborative governance mode. Additionally, these three modes can be summarized into two categories： Hong Kong and Taiwan mode is featured by market-dominated mechanism, whereas the current mainland mode is characterized as one that government plays a dominating role in the administrative planning. On this basis, this article puts forwards some new suggestions for tour guide management system reform in Chinese mainland, including vigorously acting on the guidelines of the ＂Tourism Law＂ that has been enacted and implemented in our country, strengthening dominant position of market mechanism （namely, ensuring the decisive role of market mechanism in allocating tour guide resources）, weakening government administrative supervision, actively cultivating intermediary organizations such as tour guide association, and advancing tour guide professionalization process.