在科学实验中培养学生的探究能力

On the Cultivation of Students' Inquiry Ability in Scientific Experiments

小学实验课引导发现教学模式是以心理学家L·S·舒尔曼的"有指导的发现法"为理论基础提出来的。它是以解决问题为中心,注重学生独立钻研,着眼于思维和创造性培养的教学模式。它遵循着发挥学生主动性,仿照科学家探求未知领域知识的途径,通过发现问题、分析问题(提出假设)、解决问题等步骤去掌握知识。自然学科是人类在认识自然的过程中所积累的知识,它与人的认识过程有较高的一致性,最适用于发现式的学习活动。

The guidance and exploration teaching model of pri-mary school experiment course was proposed based on the psy-chologist L. S. Shulman＆#39;s theory of ＆quot;the discovery method with guidance＆quot;. It is centered by the solving of problems, lays empha-sis on students＆#39; independent research, focuses on the cultivation of thinking and creativity. It conforms to students＆#39; s ubjectivity and simulates the ways of scientists to explore the unknown, and through discovering problems, analyzing problems （proposing hy-potheses）, and solving problems, students master knowledge. Natural science is the knowledge accumulating in the process of recognizing the nature, and it is highly consistent with the process of people＆#39;s recognition, so it is the most suitable for discov-ery-based learning activities.