朱子与张栻“《仁说》之辩”书信序次详考

Research on the Time When Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi Exchange Letters on “Debates About Ren Shuo”

近年来,关于朱子和张栻的仁说研究越来越受到重视,但对于朱子与张栻《仁说》及相关论辩书信的考证还有待进一步的深入。通过对他们书信的考证,可以得出如下结论:朱子《克斋记》初稿先于《仁说》初稿,朱子《仁说》初稿约作于壬辰二月或三月;朱子分别在壬辰十月或十一月和壬辰十二月两次修改《克斋记》,于癸巳五月或六月最终定稿;朱子约在癸巳五月或六月修改《仁说》、在癸巳八月或九月对《仁说》进行最终定稿,《仁说图》当作于《仁说》定稿之后,约作于癸巳冬;张栻《仁说》初稿约作于癸巳五月或六月,约最终定稿于癸巳十月或十一月;朱子和张栻关于朱子《仁说》初稿的辩论约发生于壬辰二月至壬辰十二月;张栻《仁说》初稿约在癸巳五月或六月作成后,朱子作《答张敬夫论仁说》第四十八书讨论张栻的《仁说》初稿。

Recent years have witnessed an increase of interest among scholars in the research of Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi＇s study of Ren Shuo ; however, research on the time when Ren Shuo and the letters they wrote to each other has much room for improvement. This study looks into their letters in detail and concludes that Zhu Xi wrote Ke Zhai Ji before he wrote first draft ofRen Shuo which was finished around February or March, 1172; that Zhu Xi revised Ke Zhai Ji twice in October or November and December, 1172, respectively, and finalized it in May or June, 1173. Then Zhu Xi revised Ren Shuo in May or June and finalized it in August or September, 1173; and that his Ren Shuo Tu was written in the winter of 1173, after he finished the final version of Ren Shuo. As for Zhang Shi＇s Ren Shuo, its first draft was written in May or June, 1173, and its final version in October or November, 1173. The debate between Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi about Zhu Xi＇s first draft of Ren Shuo took place from February through December, 1172. After Zhang Shi finished his first draft of Ren Shuo in May or June, 1173, Zhu Xi wrote his 48＇h letter of the Replies to Mr. Zhang on Ren Shuo, commenting on Zhang Shi＇s firsst draft ofRen Shuo.