1930年代中央苏区反革命罪的审判——以《红色中华》的案件为中心

A Study on the Anti-Revolutionary Crime Trial of the Central Chinese Soviet Government:Focusing on Red China Case

20世纪30年代苏区反革命罪的立法及司法,是中国共产党在"国家政权"层面处理反革命问题的首次实践。反革命罪的审判具有四个明显特征:(1)司法审判中的反革命罪构成要件前期以"政治判断"为主,后期以"法律规定"为主,具有相对确定性;(2)在量刑方面,实行革命重刑主义与特定情形减轻处罚相结合原则;(3)在审判方面,实行一级审判制与二级审判制相结合、依法裁判与重视群众意见相结合以及裁判委员会指导、主审制与陪审员制结合原则;(4)在诉讼权利方面,嫌疑人有一定限度的辩护权和上诉权。苏区反革命罪的司法原则对共产党主导的新民主主义和社会主义刑事司法政策产生了深刻影响。

The anti-revolution crime legislation and judicial activity by the Chinese Soviet Government in the 1930s is the CCP＇s first practice of solving the counter-revolutionary problem at the national level. The anti-revolution crime trial has the following four features：First, constitution of counter-revolution crime was determined first by political standard then by legal regulations;Second, in punishment the judiciary authority adopted the principle of severe punishment in combination with light punishment in specific circumstances; Third, the trial follows the principles of the combination of one-level trial system with two-level judicial system, the combination of adjudication of justice with emphasis on the opinions of the masses, and the combination of the trial committee＇s guidance and chief-judge system with jurors system; Fourth, with regard to litigation rights, the suspect has limited rights to defend and to appeal. The Chinese Soviet Government＇s counter-revolution crime judicial practices have exerted a great impact on the new democratic and socialistic criminal policies.