近百年戎族特征及称谓研究综论

Features and Names of Ethnical Rong in the Last Hundred Years

纵观戎族研究的百年学术史,学界对于戎族特征及其称谓的认识,可谓众说纷纭。各家从古文献中归纳出戎族的一系列特征,诸如戎处西部、戎非华夏、戎非顺族、文化后进、尚武好战、以牧为业、分布地域广且具有流动性等。20世纪80年代以前,主要是从不同角度对戎族特征进行初步探讨;80年代以来,则围绕"戎"是泛称还是单一民族专名展开争论,逐渐形成了"泛称说"、"专名说"、"具体分析说"等多种观点。全面总结、反思、评论近百年来海内外学者对戎族特征及其称谓所持的各种观点,对于进一步探究戎族的历史文化源流演变等,有所裨益。

There are various arguments and diverse thoughts on features and tittles of ethnical Rong in academic researches during the last hundred years. A series of features of this nationality had been generated, which including located in the west, non-Huaxia nationality, insubordinate, lagging behind in culture, warlike, living by herding, populated in wide region. There are only preliminary study of features of ethnical Rong in various angle until the 1980s. Since the 1980s debate over what the word ＂tong＂ represents resulted in several viewpoints. A study of these viewpoints is helpful to further research on this subject.