道德教育及其知识化路径

Moral Education and Its Knowledge Means

从《道德经》的视角来看,道德的本源含义是指包括人在内的万物合"道"而行的品性。人的合"道"而行的道德,其本质是人的实践理性或生存智慧。由此,道德教育的实质是人的理性的培养、智慧的形成。而人要想具有合"道"而行的实践理性或生存智慧,需要对"道"即客观规律与法则有准确的了解与把握,并在此基础上通过转识成智实现知行统一、学以致用。对千百年来人类对客观规律与法则的认识与揭示所形成的科学性知识体系的学习,无疑是人们了解"道"、把握"道"的最有效途径。离开学校与教师"传道"的知识化路径,道德教育无异于缘木求鱼。

According to Tao Te Chingby Laozi, the original meaning of morality is the moral character that all things, including human being, are operated by the objective law of nature. As far as its nature is concerned, human beings＂ morality of doing things by ＂Tao＂ embodies his rationality in practice or wisdom in survival. Thus, the essence of moral education concerns the cultivation of rationality and the formation of wisdom. To obtain the practical rationality of behaving by Tao and the wisdom of survival, it is necessary for human being to gain accurate understanding of ＂Tao＂, on the basis of which to achieve the integration of knowledge with behavior and also the application of knowledge into practice by transforming knowledge into wisdom. The system of scientific knowledge formed through the exploration and revelation of objective law by human being in the past thousands of years is undoubtedly the most effective means to understand and grasp ＂Tao＂. Without teachers＂ preaching of ＂Tao＂ in schools and universities, moral education will undoubtedly be futile.