教育公平视角下初中阶段教育补习现状研究——以广州市为例

The Private Tutoring in Junior High Schools from the Perspective of Education Equality——A Case Study in Guangzhou

揭示家庭资源对学生学习机会与学习结果的影响,从补习教育的研究视角,采用问卷调查与个案访谈相结合的方法对广州市公办普通中学与民办重点中学进行实证研究。研究发现,校外教育补习已成为学生的家庭资源影响教育机会公平与结果公平的重要途径。重点中学的学生在父母学历、家庭收入、教育补习费用的支出以及学生参加教育补习的层次等方面均高于普通中学。学校间的不均衡主要体现在师资与生源上,这也是家庭参加教育补习进行择校的主要原因。为最大限度地减少学生的家庭出身对教育公平的影响,要关注每个学生的学业成功,促进优势学校与薄弱学校间教师的流动,促进学校间的均衡发展,提高课堂教学质量与效率,对不利群体中学业不良的学生给予补偿教育与补习。

In order to reveal the influence of students＇ family background on their learning opportunity and outcome, from the angle of private of tutoring, with methods of questionnaire survey and interview, the private key junior high schools and public ordinary junior high schools in Guangzhou are investigated. The results have indicated that private tutoring has become an important approach influencing opportunity and outcome equality of education in students＇ family resource. Parents＇ education background, household income, the private tutoring fee, and the tutoring level of students who study in key junior high schools are all higher than the students who study in ordinary junior high schools. The imbalance reflects in teachers and source of students among different schools, which is also the main reason that the parents make their children tutor privately and select schools with high quality. In order to farthest reduce the influence of the family background of students on educational equality, we should concern with the school performance of each student, accelerate the teachers＇ flow between schools with high quality and weak schools, promote the balanced development among different schools, enhance the teaching quality and efficiency in class, and give some compensatory education tutoring to students who are in disadvantage group and learning disability.