西方大学教学方法变革考

Research on the Transformation of Teaching Methods in Western Universities

西方大学教学方法的历史几乎和大学的历史一样久远。从中世纪大学的讲授和辩论,到近代大学的研究班、实验法和导师制教学,再到高等教育大众化时期并存的各种各样传统的及现代的教学方法,西方大学教学方法的变革反映了时代的要求,其内涵日趋完善,其作用日益受到重视。在学者看来,教学方法对大学生的影响甚至超过了教学内容。西方大学教学方法的改革体现了大学传统与变革的辩证统一。

The history of teaching methods in western universities is nearly as long as the history of the university itself. Beginning with the lectures and disputations in medieval universities, to the seminars, laboratory instructions and the tutorial in early modern universities, then to the coexisting various traditional or modern teaching methods in the period of the popularity of higher education, the transformation of teaching methods in western universities reflects the spirit of the times, with its connotation becoming increasingly complete and its function being paid more attention. In the sight of scholars, the teaching methods have greater influence on college students than the teaching contents. The reform of teaching methods in western universities embodies the dialectical unity of the tradition and transformation of universities.