水体对气温观测影响的试验分析

Experiment on Influence of Water Body on Temperature Observation

2011年项目组设计了浙江省大型水体观测试验方案,选择较大水体,在其上、下风方向特定距离处布设自动气象站,同步观测各站气温,研究气温受水体影响的量化规律。结果表明,水体对周边陆地有白天降温、夜间增温效应,且离水体越近,这种效应越明显;夜间升温效应比白天降温效应显著,3—5月白天降温效应比1—2月明显;在一天中正午的降温影响最大;2km2的水域对下风向100m范围内温度观测有明显影响,100m以远影响不明显。该研究对量化水体影响的范围和量值进行了有益的探索,为气象站科学选址提供了依据。

In 2011,an observational experiment was conducted on a large water body in Zhejiang Province with automatic observing stations deployed both upwind and downwind at the specified distances to observe temperature synchronously to study the quantitative regularities of the influence of water body on temperature.The results show that a water body has cooling effect in daytime and warming effect in nighttime on surrounding land,the closer the land to the water,the more significant the effect is; the warming effect in nighttime is more significant than the cooling effect in daytime,and the cooling effect in daytime is more significant from March to May than that from January to February; in a day,the cooling effect reaches its maximum at noon; a water area of 2 km2 has an obvious effect on the temperature observation within 100 m downwind,and much less obvious beyond 100 m.The study made a good attempt to quantify the scope and magnitude of the influence of water body on temperature measurements and provides a basis for the scientific location selection of meteorological stations.