沈从文小说原始主义的表现手法与人性理想

The Techniques and Humanity Ideal of the Primitivism in SHEN Cong-wen's Novels

沈从文湘西小说的原始主义色彩突出表现在戏剧冲突的解决方式与景物描写两个方面。小说戏剧冲突的解决率性而为、简单干脆,少道德考量与理智权衡,体现出依赖本能、直觉等非理性心理因素的特点,给小说染上了浓重的原始色彩。其景物描写最常用的手法是起兴,这是一种感兴直觉,是一种贴近原始思维的表现手法。起兴的大量运用生动地描绘出湘西图景的原始风姿。湘西小说中的原始主义是一种亚文化原始主义。作家试图在湘西文化中发掘出生机勃勃的原始性,从而为旧中国国民的"阉寺性"注入血性和力量。湘西小说中的原始主义,实则是作家的人性理想。湘西,实则是作家的人性乌托邦。

The primitivism of SHEN Cong-wen′s novels about the west of Hunan province is prominently reflected in two aspects,which are the solutions to drama conflicts and the techniques of scenery descriptions.Drama con-flicts are solved spontaneously,simply and straightforwardly,depending on irrational factors such as instinct and in-tuition rather than morals and reasons.As a result,theses novels are heavily styled in a primary way.The most fre-quently used technique of scenery descriptions in these novels is Xing.Xing is a technique close to primary mind, expressing sensation and intuition directly.Numerous uses of Xing vividly describe the primary landscape of the west of Hunan province.The primitivism of these novels is a kind of sub-cultural primitivism.SHEN Cong-wen attempts to excavate a primary culture full of energy from the culture of west of Hunan province,which can bring courage and power to the old China.The primitivism of these novels actually is the author′s ideal of humanity,and the west of Hunan province is the author′s Utopia of humanity.