行政规划促进居民职住平衡作用研究——基于Alonso城市空间结构模型

Research on the Effect of Administrative Planning to Promote the Residential Balance between Working and Living During Urbanization——Based on Alonso's Model of Urban Spatial Structure

文章基于Alonso的城市空间结构理论模型,对城市化高速发展背景下居民"职住分离"现象进行了分析和讨论。国内外的经验显示,许多新城的现行分布与初始规划大相径庭,行政的干预反而加长了城市内部的通勤距离。在报告Alonso理想状态理论框架的基础上,通过设置新的假设、建立分析模型,并结合现实情况,对就职于商务中心的居民居住分布和商务中心外围职住分布进行了研究,前一种情况"职住分离"是有效的市场均衡无需改善,后一种情况有效的市场会使得居住分布接近"职住平衡"。这两个结果说明"职住分离"和"职住平衡"的有效性是相对的,并无绝对的优劣之分,重要的是,市场本身可以实现最佳的居住分布结果,行政权力对于职住分布的强行干预,反而会扭曲市场,而不是像以往讨论的那样,能够带来正面影响,行政规划实现"职住平衡"这种单一思维定势存在误区。

Based on Alonso＇s urban spatial structure model, this paper analyze and discuss the phenomenon of residential separat- ion during the booming urbanization development. Domestic and international experience shows, the current distribution of residential and the initial planning could be quite different in many new cities, the intervention of administrative power had lengthened the commuting distance. Based on the Alonso＇s model for ideal state, by setting new hypothesizes and new models, and also combined with the reality, this paper investigates two different eases, first, for people working in CBD, ＂ residential separation＂ is an effective market equilibrium, second, for the area out of the CBD, effective market will lead to a result of ＂ residential balance＂. These two results shows that effectiveness of ＂residential separation＂ or ＂residential balance＂ is relative, there is no absolute right or wrong. More important, market itself can achieve the best rest residential distribution results, forcible intervention of administrative authority will twist the market equilibrium, not as discussions before, and the thought of administrative planning to achieve ＂residential balance＂ has certain misunderstandings.