美国环境政策评估理论与实践研究

Research on the Theory and Practice of the Environmental Policies Evaluation of the U.S.

通过环境政策评估,可以提高环境政策的科学化水平、优化政府资源的配置,是完善环境政策的依据。我国缺乏环境政策的评估体系,相较于我国,欧美国家(尤其是美国)早已形成一套较完整的环境政策评估体系,值得我国借鉴。本文以美国环境政策评估实际情况为研究对象,从政策法规基础、组织机构、实施状况等视角分析了美国的环境政策评估情况。基于美国的评估理论和实践,本文提出了促进我国建立环境政策评估体系的建议,需要制定法规政策保障政策评估的实施,明确评估工作的责任机构,研究形成评估工作的技术规范以及并立推进官方评估机构和非官方评估机构的发展。

With the evaluation of environmental policies, we can improve the scientific level of the policies and optimize the allocation of the government resources, which is the basis of improving the environmental policies. Compared to the lack of environmental policies evaluation system in China, European and the U.S. （especially the U.S.） have already formed relatively complete environmental policies evaluation systems. In this paper, we will focus on the actual situation of environmental policies evaluation in the U.S. Starting with the research on the basic policies and regulations, the organization and the implementation condition of environmental policies evaluation, we will have a basic understanding on the theory and practice of environmental policies evaluation in the U.S. Based on the above researches, we will put forward the suggestions for promoting the establishment of environmental policies evaluation system in China. We should develop the basic policies and regulations which support the environmental policies evaluation, make clear the responsible agency of evaluation, form the technical specification of the evaluation, promote the development of official and unofficial evaluation organizations.