离子型稀土矿山环境问题及其治理方法

Environmental Problems and Treatment Measures in Ionic-type Rare Earth Mine

结合离子型稀土矿开采工艺的发展历程,总结了离子型稀土矿开采导致的植被大面积破坏、水土流失严重、发生山体滑坡和泥石流等地质灾害、土壤盐碱化、地表水和地下水污染等环境问题;从污染控制、工程治理、生态修复3方面介绍了离子型稀土矿山环境问题的治理方法,其中污染控制包括采取清污分流和人工防渗假底措施、建立3级监控收液系统和地下水长期动态观测网及氨氮废水处理等,工程治理包括土地整理、排水系统工程及其他工程,生态修复包括采用土壤改良技术、植被恢复技术和微生物修复技术。

Combining with development of exploitation process of ionic-type rare earth ore, environmental problems caused by exploitation of ionic rare earth ore were summarized, including geological disasters of large area of vegetation damage, serious soil erosion and landslides and debris flow, soil salinization, and pollution of surface water and underground water. The measures for environmental pollution control were introduced from three aspects of pollution control, project management and ecological restoration. Among these, pollution control includes distribution of clear water and wastewater, artificial anti-seepage bottom, class three monitoring fluid-collecting system, dynamics long-term monitoring network of groundwater and ammonia-nitrogen wastewater treatment. Project management includes land consolidation, drainage system and other projects. Ecological restoration consists of soil improvement, vegetation restoration and microbial remediation techniques.