基于MRI的开颅手术仿真系统设计

Design of Craniofacial Surgery Simulation System Based on MRI

目前临床的医学可视化工具不能准确模拟开颅手术过程,也难以获得颅脑开窗后的仿真影像来评估手术方案对颅内组织的影响。为此,设计一种面向外科手术医生的开颅手术仿真系统。相对于传统医学可视化工具针对医学影像数据进行一次性建模的方式,该系统在三维数据重建前完成关键组织区域的提取和划分,以提升分割效果的区分度,同时采用松耦合结构方便后续功能扩展。系统基于病人术前的MRI数据,自动化地提取出关键组织区域并混合绘制为多解剖结构的手术模型。手术模型可模拟开窗区域规划、手术入路、虚拟切割等开颅手术过程,并对不同解剖结构的面绘制及体绘制模型分别应用切割隐函数,以生成开窗后大脑皮层及浅表静脉等关键区域影像。实现结果表明,该系统允许医生尝试不同的手术方案,能仿真关键问题并评估方案优劣,达到减少手术风险、熟练手术步骤、提高手术精确度的目的。

Traditional clinical medical visualization tools can neither simulate the practical problems during surgical procedure, nor obtain the view after surgery to evaluate the impact on the crucial organization. The craniotomy simulation system is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. Comparing with traditional medical visualization tools, it analyses and segments the crucial tissues prior to reconstruction, and makes the rendered scene more real. In particular, it is designed as loose coupling, which benefits the following functional development in the future. Based on MRI data, it segments the crucial organization region automatically and sets up a mixture surgery model of multiple anatomical structures, which supports window regional planning, surgical approach, and the virtual cutting process. It applies cutting implicit function to multiple anatomical structure models, to provide critical areas＇ scene of the cerebral cortex and superficial veins. Implementation results show that it allows doctors to validate different surgical options and evaluate the pros and cons. It has great significance on reducing the risk of surgery, training surgery procedure and improving the surgical accuracy.