清朝师爷制度借鉴研究

A Study on Private Legal Advisers in Qing Dynasty

本文以史为镜,从传统文化的精髓中汲取社会治理的养分。探寻历史渊源不难发现,从先秦的门客到清朝的师爷,精英阶层备受推崇,为政治稳定、经济文化发展提供了知识保障。清朝师爷制度作为清朝官制中的特殊群体现象,迎合清朝统治者社会治理的需要,两次出现发展高潮,印证了精英团队治理模式在社会转型或者复杂的社会环境背景下的巨大价值。但是,清朝腐朽没落的封建社会制度及国外新文化的冲击等社会背景及其自身的制度缺陷,最终导致师爷作为清朝官制中的特殊群体现象走向衰落。分析清朝师爷制度的盛衰历程,对我国建立和完善顾问团制度应对社会转型中的各种挑战,具有重大的借鉴价值和启示作用。。

This paper extracts valuable experiences in social governance from China’s traditional culture. We found that from retainers in the pre-Qin period to private legal advisers in Qing dynasty, elites were always rewarded and respected by governors. As intellectual support, they played an important role in political stability and in the development of economy and culture. The advisers system catered to the Qing Dynasty rulers, and underwent two climaxes, all these showing that the elites-mass governance model worked well in the transformational or complex period. However, due to the decadent feudal system, impacts of new foreign cultures and other reasons, the adviser system had declined. China is now in a transformational period with various challenges, so we hope the analysis on the development of the adviser system would be of reference and enlightenment for China to construct and perfect advisory body system.