术前同期放化疗治疗局部进展期中低位直肠癌疗效分析

Efficacy of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in treatment of locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer

目的 评价术前同期放化疗用于局部进展期中低位直肠癌的有效性和耐受性.方法 2007-2013年共入组51例T3、T4期或N（＋）的病理证实初治直肠癌患者.全盆腔三维放疗技术,45.0～50.4 Gy分25～ 28次;化疗采用FOLFOX4或XELOX方案,化疗在放疗开始第1、4周进行共2个周期;放化疗结束后4～8周手术,术后1个月内开始行同方案巩固化疗.Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank检验和单因素分析及Cox模型行多因素预后分析.结果 49例患者完成术前放化疗及手术治疗,中位随访时间2.9年,总保肛率为65％,总降期率为59％.pCR为20％.总≥3级不良反应发生率为25％,总并发症发生率为31％.3、5年样本数分别为24、12例,3、5年OS分别为81％、69％,DFS分别为76％、60％,LRFS分别为78％、70％,DMFS分别为82％、74％.多因素分析显示肿瘤降期为5年DFS、LRFS的独立预后因素.结论 局部进展期中低位直肠癌术前放疗同期FOLFOX4或XELOX方案化疗能提高病理降期率和pCR率及保肛率,降期者可能有更好的生存优势.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer.Methods From June 2007 to June 2013,51 untreated patients with histopathologically proven rectal cancer （T3/T4 or N （＋））were included in this study.Three-dimensional radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvic cavity at 45.0-50.4 Gy/25-28 fractions.Two cycles of chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 or XELOX were given concurrently at weeks 1 and 4 of radiotherapy.Surgery was performed at 4-8 weeks after chemoradiotherapy.Adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 or XELOX was given within one month after surgery.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates,and the log-rank test was used for univariate analysis;the Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results Fortynine patients completed the preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgery.The median follow-up was 2.9 years.The overall sphincter preservation rate was 65％;the overall downstaging rate was 59％.Ten （20.4％） of all patients achieved a pathologic complete response （pCR）.Grade ≥3 toxicities occurred in 25％ of all patients,and the overall postoperative complication rate was 31％.The 3-and 5-year sample sizes were 24,12,respectively.The 3-and 5-year overall survival rates were 81％ and 69％,respectively;the 3-and 5-year disease-free survival （DFS） rates were 76％ and 60％,respectively;the 3-and 5-year local recurrence-free survival （LRFS） rates were 78％ and 70％,respectively;the distant metastasis-free survival rates were 82％ and 74％,respectively.The multivariate analysis showed that tumor downstaging was an independent prognostic factor for 5-year DFS and LRFS.Conclusions For locally advanced middle-low rectal cancer,preoperative radiotherapy with concurrent FOLFOX4/XELOX chemotherapy can increase pathologic downstaging rate,pCR rate,and sphincter preservation rate.Patients with tumor downstaging may have a better survival advantage.