星形胶质细胞上的清道夫受体与神经炎症的关系

Scavenger Receptor on Astrocytes and Its Relationship with Neuroinflammation

在神经退行性疾病的发生与发展中,脑中始终存在着以胶质细胞激活为主要特征的炎症反应。星形胶质细胞作为脑中最丰富的神经胶质细胞群,可分泌大量的促炎因子和抑炎因子,在中枢神经系统的炎症反应中发挥着至关重要的调节作用。星形胶质细胞表达有多种模式识别受体参与炎症反应,清道夫受体是其中重要的一种。清道夫受体是一种细胞表面糖蛋白,能够识别广泛而多样的配基,具有多种生物学功能,对星形胶质细胞上多个与炎症相关的信号通路的激活具有重要影响,可产生宿主防御和促进炎症等多种作用,进而参与了星形胶质细胞对神经炎症的调节,在神经退行性疾病等多种疾病的发生发展中起着重要作用。本文主要介绍了在星形胶质细胞上表达的几种清道夫受体及其功能,详细总结了这些清道夫受体如何调控与炎症相关的信号转导通路,进而参与星形胶质细胞对于神经炎症的调节。

Neuroinflammation in central nervous system,featured by glial cells activation,can always be found during the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Astrocytes,the most abundant glial cells in the brain,can release both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors,thus playing a crucial role in the neuroinflammation.A variety of pattern-recognition receptors on astrocytes are involved in the inflammatory response,particularly the scavenger receptor.Scavenger receptor is a cell surface glycoprotein and can identify diverse ligands.With a variety of biological functions,it may activate many signal pathways related to neuroinflammation,regulate the host defense and the development of neuroinflammation,and eventually regulate the process of neuroinflammation.Thus,it play a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and many other conditions.This review summarizes the scavenger receptor expressed on astrocytes and how it regulates signal transduction pathways associated with neuroinflammation and thus participates in regulating neuroinflammation.