城市能源系统的体现能过程解析——以北京市为例

Embodiment Analysis of Urban Energy System ——A case of Beijing

与末端能源消费计量不同，体现能分析能够系统核算区域经济系统中的直接和间接能耗。本研究以北京市为例，运用投入产出分析方法对1987-2007年城市经济过程中的体现能耗（包括直接能耗和间接能耗）进行系统核算。结果表明：1987-2007年间，北京市能源消费呈现快速增长趋势，直接能耗从2003．13增至5279．81万tce，体现能耗从3885．87增至20620．48万tce，能耗强度呈现下降趋势，但下降的速度逐渐减缓；北京市能耗体现结构发生重大变化，直接能耗所占比重越来越小，间接能耗所起作用越来越明显，而且主要的能耗部门逐渐转向具有低直接能耗、高间接能耗特征的产业部门，如建筑业、服务业和电子通信设备制造业等；产业部门直接与间接能耗的结构性差异，说明传统的基于末端能源消费的管理策略在城市尺度上可能会失效，需要转变能源管理理念，采用末端技术节能与源头消费控制相结合、多产业部门协同调控是未来城市节能减排工作的新思路。

In contrast to measuring the end energy consumption, the embodied energy analysis could provide systematic accounting of regional energy system with regard to direct and indirect terms. Presented in this paper is an embodiment analysis of urban energy system of Beijing during the period of 1987-2007 using input-output technique. Results show the energy consumption in Beijing increased rapidly during 1987-2007： direct energy consumption increased from 20.03 to 52.80 Mtce while the embodied energy consumption increased from 38.86 to 206.20 Mtce; Meanwhile, the energy intensity presents a declined trend but the decrease of energy intensity slows down especially during the last five years; The proportion of direct energy decreased from 51.55% to 25.60% while that of the indirect energy grow from 48.45% to 74.4% among embodied energy of Beijing; The primary sectors of energy consumption are transforming from the traditional heavy industry to modem manufacture, construction and the tertiary sector with relatively low direct energy consumption but higher indirect consumption; The evident contrast between direct and indirect energy consumption demonstrated the fact that the traditional energy analysis focusing on terminal energy consumption could lose effectiveness on urban scale and new approach needs the combination of end technical energy saving with source reduction of product consumption.