成人注意力缺陷/多动障碍的流行病学研究和药物治疗进展

Epidemiology and Pharmacotherapy of Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Current Status

注意力缺陷/多动障碍(attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童常见的神经发育异常疾病,大多数儿童期ADHD将持续带入到成人期。2012年由美国精神病学协会颁布的DSM-5首次给出了成人ADHD的诊断,规范了成人ADHD的治疗。目前主要的治疗药物包括哌甲酯、苯丙胺类神经兴奋剂类、托莫西汀、安非他酮和三环类抗抑郁药等非兴奋剂类,其它药物如文拉法辛、瑞波西汀、莫达非尼、奥卡西平、普萘洛尔等也被尝试用于治疗成人ADHD,并取得一定疗效。

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）is the most frequently diagnosed neuro-developmental disorder in children and most of the children ADHD cases can persist to adulthood. The DSM-5 developed and published by American Psychiatric Association（APA）at 2012 firstly gives the more appropriate diagnosis criteria and regulates pharmacotherapies for adult ADHD. The currently used medications include neural stimulants（e.g. methylphenidate and amphetamines）and non-stimulants（e.g. atomoxetine,buproprion and tricyclic antidepressants）. Other medications such as venlafaxine,reboxetine,modafinil,oxcarbazepine and propranolol are also tried to treat adult ADHD and showed a certain effects.