驾驶作业对驾驶员心血管系统的影响

Effect of driving on the cardiovascular system of the drivers

目的了解驾驶作业对驾驶员心血管系统的影响。方法选择某企业职业机动车驾驶员585人为研究对象（观察组），以该企业无驾驶及噪声职业史的工作人员529人为对照组，对两组人员进行职业健康检查，包括血压测定和心电图检查，对两组人员高血压、心电图异常检出情况进行分析。结果观察组高血压、心电图异常的检出率显著高于对照组（均P〈0．01），且高血压、心电图异常的检出率随驾驶工龄的增长而增高（r=0．187—0．196，均P〈0．01）；A、B、C3组不同类型机动车驾驶员高血压及心电图异常检出率之间差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01），均为A组〉B组〉C组。结论职业机动车驾驶作业对驾驶员心血管系统功能存在明显的有害影响，驾驶工龄越长，高血压、心电图异常的检出率越高；不同类型机动车对驾驶员血压和心电图的影响程度不同。

[ Objective] To investigate the impact of occupational driving operation on the driver＇s cardiovascular system. [ Methods] Total of 585 occupational motor vehicle drivers （study group} were studied in comparison to the 529 staff in the same corporation working in a noise-free working environment （ control group ）. The physical exams were performed for the two groups, including blood pressure measurement and ECG. The results were analyzed for abnormality detection rate between the two groups. [ Results ] The detection rate of hypertension, abnormal electrocardiogram was significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） in the observation group. And the detection rate of high blood pressure, abnormal electrocardiogram is increased as the length of driving history increase （ r =： 0. 187-0. 196, P 〈 0. 01 ） ; Significant difference in the hypertension and ECG abnormalities detection rate exists between three group of drivers { A, B and C, all P 〈 0.01 ）, with a trend of A 〉 B 〉 C group. [ Conclusion] Occupational vehicle driving opera- tions has a significant deleterious effect the driver cardiovascular system. The longer the driving history, the higher the hypertension and abnormal ECG detection rate is. There is varying degrees of physical impact among different types of occupational motor vehicle drivers.