深圳市女性外来务工者人口学特征对职业紧张的影响

Influence of demographic characteristics on occupational stress of female migrant workers in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市女性外来务工者职业紧张的现状,分析人口学特征对深圳女性外来务工者职业紧张的影响。方法采用职业紧张问卷(OSI-R)和自行设计的人口学资料问卷对深圳2个大型企业(员工达4 000人以上)的非深圳户籍、工作达3个月以上的女员工共2 000人按照随机抽取的方法进行调查,按人口学特征进行分组,比较职业紧张的差异。结果紧张反应得分高于国内常模,个体应对资源得分低于国内常模,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);单因素分析结果显示,职业紧张受年龄、学历、民族、BMI、婚姻状况、收入水平、居住情况等因素影响;多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,年龄、学历、婚姻状况是职业任务和个体应对资源的主要影响因素,年龄、学历是紧张反应的主要影响因素。结论深圳女性外来务工者职业紧张明显,个体应对能力较差,社区、企业应针对性地采取相应措施,改善女性外来务工者的职业紧张情况。

[ Objective ] To study the status of occupational stress among female migrant workers in Shenzhen City, analyze the influ- ence of demographic characteristics on occupational stress of female migrant workers in Shenzhen City. [ Methods] Totally 2 000 fe- male workers who did not have Shenzhen household registration and have serviced for over 3 months in two large enterprises in Shenzhen City { which have more than 4 000 employees ） were surveyed by the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised Edition （ OSI-R ） and a self-designed demographic questionnaire according to the method of random sampling. They were grouped according to demographic characteristics, and the levels of occupational stress were compared. [ Results ] The score of stress response was higher than the national norm, while the score of personal resources was lower than the national norm, and both differences were statistically significant （ P 〈 0.01 }. Single factor analysis showed that age, educational level, nationality, BMI, marital status, in- come level and living conditions were correlated with the status of occupational stress. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that age, educational level and marital status were the main factors affecting professional task and personal coping re- source, while age and educational level were the main factors affecting stress response. [ Conclusion] The occupational stress among female migrant workers in Shenzhen City is obvious, and personal coping ability is rather poor. The community and enterprises should take related measures to improve the occupational stress of female migrant workers.