新疆高校教师工作倦怠和应对方式的现况调查及其关系研究

Study on current situation and relationship between job burnout and coping style among university teachers in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆高校教师的工作倦怠及个人应对方式的现状,探究高校教师工作倦怠和应对方式的影响因素以及应对方式和工作倦怠之间的相互关系,提出相应的建议。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对新疆9大高校16个院系的950名高校教师进行问卷调查。结果 1新疆高校教师中,男性教师人格解体维度得分高于女性教师(13.19±6.32 vs12.23±5.95,P<0.05),汉族教师的耗竭维度要高于维、哈、回民族教师(18.24±6.82 vs 16.93±7.03 vs 16.49±7.23 vs4.62±6.36,P<0.05)。2不同性别、民族教师应对方式不同,消极应对方式退避得分男性要比女性得分高(7.58±2.73 vs7.19±2.74,P<0.05),维族、哈族教师消极应对方式中,幻想得分高于回族教师(8.02±2.67 vs 8.04±2.55 vs 6.72±3.19,P<0.01)。3应对方式中的积极应对方式求助与工作倦怠人格解体、成就感降低呈显著的负相关(r=0.116,P<0.01;r=0.036,P<0.01),消极应对方式中幻想、退避和工作倦怠的人格解体维度呈显著的正相关(r=0.342,P<0.01;r=0.348,P<0.01),相关性求助>退避>合理化>幻想。结论新疆高校教师工作倦怠情况普遍存在;不同性别、民族及教龄教师采取应对方式不同;不同的应对方式与教师工作倦怠存在显著相关性。

[ Objective] To understand the current situation of job burnout and coping style among university teachers in Xinjiang, explore the influencing factors of job burnout and coping style, analyze the relationship between job burnout and coping style, and put forward the corresponding suggestion. [ Methods ] By stratified cluster sampling method, the questionnaire survey was conducted among 950 teachers from 16 schools/faculties of 9 universities in Xinjiang. [ Results] （1）The depersonalization scores in male teach- ers were higher than those in female teachers （ 13.19 ± 6.32 vs 12.23± 5.95, P 〈 0.05 ）, while exhaustion scores in Han national- ity teachers were higher than those in teachers of Uighur, Kazak and Hui nationality （ 18.24 ± 6.82 vs 16.93±7.03 vs 16.49± 7.23 vs 4.62±6.36 ,P 〈 0.05）. （2）The teachers in different sex and nationality groups chose different coping styles. The retreat scores of the negative coping style in male teachers were higher than those in female teachers （ 7.58 ±2.73 vs 7. 19 ± 2.74, P 〈 0.05 ）. The fantasy scores of the negative coping style in teachers of Uighur and Kazak were higher than those in Hui nationality teachers （ 8.02 ± 2.67 vs 8.04± 2.55 vs 6.72± 3.19, P 〈 0.01 ）. （3）The help-seeking of the positive coping style had significantly negative correlation with the depersonalization and diminished personal accomplishment of the job burnout （r = 0.116, P 〈 0.01; r = 0. 036 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. The fantasy and retreat of the negative coping style had significantly positive correlation with the depersonali- zation of the job burnout （ r = 0. 342, P 〈 0.01 ; r = 0. 348, P 〈 0.01 ） , which were arranged in the descending order of help-see- king, retreat, rationalization, fantasy. [ Conclusion] The job burnout is common among university teachers in Xinjiang, and coping styles are diverse among teachers in different sex, nationality and service length groups. There is significant correlation between dif- ferent coping styles and teachers＇job burnout.