2004—2013年新疆疏附县法定传染病流行态势分析

Epidemic trend of notifiable diseases in Shufu County of Xinjiang from 2004-2013

目的了解新疆疏附县10年来法定传染病的发病情况及流行态势,为制定传染病防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对疏附县2004—2013年法定传染病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果该县10年间无甲类传染病报告。乙丙类共报告23种32 383例,年平均发病率1 020.96/10万;死亡报告6种36例,年均死亡率1.13/10万。传染病发病率总体呈上升趋势,呼吸道传染病波动不大,肠道传染病发病明显下降,发病率由2004年的289.95/10万下降至2013年48.7/10万;血源及性传播疾病发病呈现明显上升趋势。传染病发病位次发生改变,2004—2011年肺结核居第1位,2012年移居第2位,病毒性乙型肝炎从2004—2007年的第3、4位移入第2位,2012年位居第1位;梅毒和淋病逐渐进入前5位,梅毒2011年居第3位。发病顺位前5位的是肺结核、乙型肝炎,流行性腮腺炎、痢疾、梅毒,占总报告病例的91.68%;死亡顺位前3位的是艾滋病、肺结核、流行性脑脊髓膜炎,占总报告死亡病例的94.44%。结论疏附县传染病疫情形势非常严峻,今后在采取有效措施预防控制呼吸道和血缘及性传播传染病的同时,要重点做好肺结核、病毒性肝炎、梅毒、艾滋病、麻疹、流行性脑脊髓膜炎等疾病的监测和防治。

[ Objective ] To understand the incidence and epidemic trend of notifiable diseases in Shufu County of Xinjiang in recent 10 years, and provide scientific evidence for infectious disease control. [ Methods] Descriptive epidemiology was adopted to analyze the epidemic data of notifiable diseases from 2004-2013 in Shufu County. [ Results] No case of category A infectious disease was re- ported in 10 years. Totally 32 383 cases of 23 kinds of category B infectious disease were reported, with annual incidence of 1 020.96/100 000, 36 death cases due to 6 kinds of diseases and annual mortality rate of 1.13/100 000. The incidence of infec- tious diseases showed upward tendency, that of respiratory diseases fluctuated a little, while that of intestinal diseases decreased from 289. 95/100 000 in 2004 to 48.7/100 000 in 2013. The incidence of blood and sexually transmitted diseases increased obvi- ously, and the rank order of incidence had changed. Tuberculosis ranked first during 2004-2011 and second in 2012, viral hepatitis B ranked third and fourth during 2004-2007, then second, and finally first in 2012. Syphilis and gonorrhea had become top 5 grad- ually, syphilis ranked third in 2011. The top 5 diseases were tuberculosis, hepatitis B, mumps, dysentery and syphilis which occu- pied 91.68% of total cases. The first 3 diseases of death were AIDS, tuberculosis, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis which occu- pied 94.44% of total death cases. [ Conclusion] The epidemic situation is serious in Shufu County. Not only the control of respira- tory and blood and sexually transmitted diseases, but also the surveillance and control of tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, syphilis , AIDS, measles , epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis should be done well in future.