佛山市罗村街道0～6岁儿童预防接种需求与行为调查及相关因素分析

Investigation on needs and behaviors of vaccination among children aged 0-6 years old in Luocun Street of Fosan City and analysis on related factors

目的了解儿童预防接种需求与行为现状并分析其影响因素，为科学制定卫生政策，调整儿童计划免疫内容及优化服务流程提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方式对佛山市罗村街道0～6岁儿童预防接种需求与行为进行调查，调查内容包括个人基本情况、预防接种情况、儿童家长对二类疫苗的需求状况、儿童家长预防接种相关知识知晓情况等。结果儿童单苗接种率为92．7％～99．7％，“六苗”全程接种率为90．1％；34．5％的家长表示能接受二类疫苗（计划外收费疫苗），有200名儿童家长（27．9％）会选择价格较贵的进口疫苗；716名家长中对预防接种知识6个条目均回答正确的人数为0，答对〉4个条目的家长有431人（60．2％）；多因素logistic回归分析显示，影响儿童家长预防接种知识知晓率的主要因素有年龄、在该地居住时间、家庭收支情况。结论儿童基础免疫接种率较高，均保持在90％以上，二类疫苗“接种贵”现象逐渐成为亟待解决问题，应加大预防免疫知识的宣传力度，提高儿童家长预防接种相关知识知晓率。

[ Objective ] To understand the needs and behaviors of vaccination among children, analyze its influencing factors, and provide the basis for developing of health policy, adjusting children immunization content, as well as optimizing the service processes. [ Methods] By using the stratified random sampling, the needs and behaviors of vaccination among children aged 0-6 years old in Luocun Street of Fosan City were investigated, and the contents included basic personal information, vaccination status, parents ＂needs of type II vaccines, and the awareness rate of knowledge about vaccination among parents. [ Results ] The coverage rates of single vaccine were between 92.7% and 99.7%, and the complete vaccination rates of six vaccines was 90.1%. 34.5% of parents said that they could accept type II vaccines （ charge vaccines ）, and 200 [27.9% ） parents of children would choose the expensive imported vaccines. Among 716 parents, no one has correctly answered the 6 items of vaccination knowledge, and 431 （60.2%） parents have correctly answered over 4 items. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that main factors that influenced the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge among parents included age, local residence, household income and expenditure. [ Conclusion] The basic vaccination rates among children are higher than 90%. The expensive vaccination of type II vaccines is be- coming an urgent problem. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of immunization knowledge, to improve the awareness rate of vaccination knowledge among children＇s parents.