体育学科研究方法的多元融合及关系辨析——基于还原论与复杂论

On Elements Integration and Relationship Analysis of Research Methodology of Sports Science-Based on Reductionism and Complexity Theory

以文献研究、逻辑分析、案例分析和类比法等为主要研究方法,通过对还原论与复杂论范式对体育学科研究方法的再认识,深入探讨复杂论与还原论之间的关系,并剖析所取得的成就和缺陷,对两种研究范式进行梳理和理性思考,研究认为:传统还原论应有自己适用的边界范围和特定的前提条件,而对体育复杂现象的研究,还原论方法已经难以胜任,还原论与复杂论之间的关系是一种超越关系和包容关系,复杂论和还原论将共同服务于体育科学的研究,从不同层次推进科学的发展。

The main methods employed in this research are the literature consultation, logic analysis, case study and analogy drawing. The renewed insight of normal form as well as relationship between complexity and reductionism make it possible to review research methodology of sports science. The achievements and shortcomings, concerned are explored and the two re- search paradigms and rational thinking are then sorted out. It is found that the traditional reductionism has its own boundaries of application and meanwhile it has its own specific prerequisites. Also, reductionism method is now unable to accomplish for the study of complex phenomenon in sports. The relationship between the two theories is kind of transcendent and inclusive. Therefore, complexity theory and reductionism will work together to serve the sports science research, promoting the development of science at all levels.